Is there any DAC compatible with FreeBSD?

Cannot recall the manufacturer and model, but a "stick" DAC cannot drive my Fostex T40RP mk3n nor FiiO E7 (aux input, wants line level), while all earphones I had were OK.
 
There appear to be two basic grades of 'stick' or 'dongle' dacs, 1V output and 2V output, depending on the module they have used internally. The low voltage versions - the CX31993, NICE-HCK and JM20 are really intended to drive IEM's, and low impedance IEM's at that. For higher impedance headphones, I recommend get the 2V versions which are the 'MAX' variants I tested, those typically have an additional audio op-amp buffer driving the output rather than relying on the dac chip's built-in audio amp; typically an SGM8262 from SG micro (also used in the Fiio K11 R2R). The exception to the rule being the TRN Black Pearl which contains 2 x CS43131 dac chips, so that each chip only has to drive one headphone drive unit (one CS43131 chip per side).

In any case, when driving better quality headphones like the HD650 and DT990, I recommend using a proper headphone amplifier to get the best possible sound quality. In my case I have the Firestone Audio 'cute beyond' class-A, which is very nice, and the Musical Fidelity V-cans, that is also pretty good. And if you have $3000 Focal headphones... I guess you already have a good amp to use with them, and you can ignore everything I say! 😁

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Of course you can get much better headphone amps than the two above. If you want something really good, get the Musical Fidelity X-cans V3...
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Or if you can afford it... the Graham Slee SOLO is very nice, really, you can't get much better than this IMHO. Well, something even more expensive might measure better, but I will bet 10 dollars that you won't be able to hear it! 😁
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With the exception of the Firestone which comes from Taiwan these are all British designs.. I'm sure there are very good Japanese and US designs as well, I remember Audio Technica AT-HA5000 is another good class-A headphone amp, using the famous Hitachi power mosfets. This one, I wish I could get some day... :-)
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Remember, whichever amp you have, one secret is to use a good quality linear regulated power supply, not a switch-mode wall-wart. A good linear PSU will give you a big upgrade to the sound quality.

Anyone can spend $10000 and get a good sound, that's the easy way. It's more interesting to think "how can I get good sound from $200".
 
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I don't like Mr Behringher, because of what he did to the famous Tannoy loudspeakers company here in the UK, so sad. I still have my Tannoys of course, they were really some of the best speakers made. But this is politics... maybe the dac product is ok of itself.
 
I try to find out the platform a given app was written for, then run that platform.

I am not a gamer but I dearly loved win7 as an operating system. It is FAR more responsive than win10+ even with the bloat stripped out.

I’m forced to win10 due to planned obsolescence with my dailies that no longer launch on win7.

This means dedicated hardware and win7 OS for my DAW and others that are not forced into eternal OS upgrades.
 
I don't know about using FreeBSD as a DAW... but there is a very nice series here from Alien BOB about making a DAW based on slackware. Hopefully the moderators won't mind me posting it. It would probably give a lot of useful pointers to anyone who wanted to make a DAW based on FreeBSD. Eric has done a great job writing this series of articles, it is very comprehensive. I think if you browse around his site you will find some more recent updates to the DAW series as well.

Well... there is a thread here https://forums.freebsd.org/threads/using-freebsd-to-build-recording-studio.79617/
and something here https://github.com/marcelbonnet/freebsd-ports/blob/master/FBSD-DAW.md
.. although the second one is a little old.
 
In the spirit of "what can I do for a little money", I tried the following system out.

1. thinkpad X220 running freebsd 14.4
2. CX31993 DA06 dac
3. Douk audio U3 headphone amp https://www.hifireport.com/douk-audio-u3-review/
4. Beyerdynamic DT-990 PRO headphones
5. 2-RCA to 3.5 mm jack cable (free, had one lying around)

If we ignore the price of the thinkpad, checking the current prices gives:-
CX31993 - 5 pounds (aliexpress)
Douk U3 amp - 25 pounds (aliexpress)
DT-990's - 135 pounds (amazon)
total - 165 pounds

Substituting HD560S headphones for the DT990's reduces the total price to 130 pounds.
Substituting a JM20 for the CX31339 adds 10 pounds to the total.

How does it sound? Not too bad. The amplifier has plenty of power to drive these headphones, it's plenty loud enough. However after listening for half an hour, I think the weak point is the U3 headphone amp, which gets a bit harsh and fatiguing after a while, depending on the type of music being listened to. So I would choose a better headphone amp if possible, if going this route, and spend a little more on the headphone amp itself. Perhaps the HD560S would sound a little more relaxing, the DT990's do tend to be quite revealing.

The little U3 actually looks quite well made, it has an all metal case and the volume pot and connectors all seem fine, you even get a power button on the back. I haven't taken mine apart but there are plenty of photos of the PCB online if you search for them. Certainly the exterior build of this small amplifier impressed me much more than that of the Fiio K11 R2R dac. I noticed on aliexpress that there is a 'pro' version of this amplifier for a bit more money, so that may be worth investigating. The sound quality is obviously not as good as a better grade amp like the Firestone, but really its pretty good for the price. Just don't pay too much, I noticed some online sites are selling these for a lot more than the aliexpress price.

U3.jpeg

Alternatively, you could just buy a JM20-MAX or JM98-MAX dongle and drive the headphones directly, and it will probably sound at least as good, for about the same money; although you lose the analog volume control and the flexibility of having a separate headphone amp.

Still, this exercise gives you an idea of what is achievable for not a lot of money. Personally I would not skimp on the headphones themselves, cheap headphones are a waste of money. The HD560S is another good choice, for a bit less than the DT990's, but I wouldn't go much lower down the range than that.

For a cost comparison, buying the DT-990's and the Fiio K11 R2R will cost 135 for the headphones and 150 for the Fiio, so 285 pounds total. That's using the K11's built-in headphone amp. If you then want to buy a better amp and power supply and use the K11 purely as a dac, you can probably raise that to 500 or more. Of course that's if you are buying new kit, ebay is always worth a look.
 
I tried out an Aiyima DAC-A2 this afternoon. Not bad for the price. It identifies as a C-MEDIA usb device.

$ cat /dev/sndstat
Installed devices:
pcm0: <Conexant CX20590 (Analog 2.0+HP/2.0)> (play/rec)
pcm1: <Intel Cougar Point (HDMI/DP 8ch)> (play)
pcm2: <Intel Cougar Point (HDMI/DP 8ch)> (play)
pcm3: <Intel Cougar Point (HDMI/DP 8ch)> (play)
pcm4: <C-Media Electronics Inc. USB HIFI AUDIO> (play/rec) default

No problem driving my 250 ohm DT-990's with this, it has plenty enough power. Nice build quality, all metal case construction, aluminum control knobs, 4 rubber feet on the base. Shame there is no way to switch the tone control pots out of circuit, but they can be set to their midpoints to obtain a flat frequency response. The two tone pots have detents while the volume pot is smooth. The volume pot includes a power on switch and a red led lights when it's on (I'm so pleased it's not blue for once). The tone controls boost and cut do actually work.

It needs a usb mains adapter to supply 5V power, they do not provide one in the box but they do include a cable. Alternatively you can plug the power cable into a second usb socket on the laptop, that worked fine with the thinkpad, though it's a bit messy having two cables running to it from the laptop. Plus the power cable they provide is about 0.5m long while the usb 'signal' cable they provide is 1m long. Meh. Unfortunately it does not appear to be able to take power from the cable providing the music signal, I tried it out of curiosity but it will not switch on.

I paid 24 GBP for mine which included shipping from Guangdong. It's kind of crazy that as the value of the currency has shrunk with inflation, so has the physical size of the electronics you can buy with it.

Mugshot.
dac-a2.jpg


Typical high density SMD board. The dac is an MS8412 https://www.scribd.com/document/766212494/MS8412 seen at centre-left and audio is buffered by a NE5532 dual opamp, upper left, which is not socketed. The c-media USB interface chip https://www.cmedia.com.tw/applications/headset/CM6542 is seen at center right. The headphones are then driven by an AD 97220 dual audio opamp https://www.analog.com/media/en/technical-documentation/data-sheets/MAX97220A-MAX97220E.pdf at upper right.

The board has coax and optical spdif inputs as well as usb, and dual RCA audio output. However there is no audio input, so it cannot be used as a standalone headphone amp. Still, they have crammed a lot in to a small case. This is another board you won't be repairing in a hurry, however the case is reassuringly sturdy, no plastic, so it should have a reasonable chance of lasting a while so long as you don't spill a cup of coffee over it.

So this is yet another low-cost option. Sound quality is ok, it worked straight away with freebsd 14.4 as soon as I plugged it in. It's nice to have the volume and tone controls too.

My Burr-Brown dac sounds much better than this one, however. In fact I prefer the sound of the CX31993 and the ESS to this one; it's very "correct", but somehow not very musical. It would do for a cheap test system though.
 
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Aliexpress WM8740 dac/psu. This comes as two separate good quality metal cases, one containing the mains transformer and one containing the dac, both fitted with rubber feet. After failing to get the Audinst to work, I had to get this. This is purely a dac, you need a separate headphone amplifier to be able to listen to it. I bought the more expensive version with the Talema transformer, it wasn't much extra so I got the best one. This came from "hifidiy audio store", I don't know if they are anything to do with the chinese hifidiy website. It's a similar chipset to the hifidiy/aune mini usb dac V2, except they have replaced the BB PCM1793 with the Wolfson WM8740 as the main dac chip on the board. The USB interface is a PCM2704 again. The metal boxes are smaller than I expected, but they look well made and should last a while.

$ cat /dev/sndstat
Installed devices:
pcm0: <Conexant CX20590 (Analog 2.0+HP/2.0)> (play/rec)
pcm1: <Intel Cougar Point (HDMI/DP 8ch)> (play)
pcm2: <Intel Cougar Point (HDMI/DP 8ch)> (play)
pcm3: <Intel Cougar Point (HDMI/DP 8ch)> (play)
pcm4: <Burr-Brown from TI USB Audio DAC> (play) default

Works well with freebsd 14.4 on my thinkpad X220. Sounds very nice. Of course the better the headphone amp you have the better it will sound, it sounds very nice with the Cute Beyond. The output level from the dac is quite high, I set the CB's gain switch to "low" to get a reasonable range of adjustment on the volume pot.

Photo shows the power supply box on the table, the WM8740 dac above, and the CB headphone amp on top of that.

wm81.jpg


I took mine apart for a look at the circuit board, it looks reasonable. The solder side looks fine too, everything neatly soldered.
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They've used a JRC 5532D in the filter/output stage, socketed (turned-pin socket - nice) so you can change the op-amp if you like. It sounds pretty good with the chip they have supplied though; I'm not really a fan of swapping op-amps, they are not really readily interchangable, it all depends on the circuit. Most components are still through-hole so its repairable, although they've shrunk the board, everything is miniature, you definitely need a fine-tipped iron to work on this. The connectors and switches look more or less ok, a bit cheap but what do you expect at the price, the only real disappointment was the output RCA sockets are only chrome, not gold plated. I guess they are feeling the pinch, even in Shenzhen. The lack of gold plating on the RCA sockets didn't seem to hurt the sound quality though. Hopefully this build is good enough to last a while, it should be fine for home use anyway. The electronics are fully enclosed in the metal boxes, there should not be much scope for ingress of dust or dirt. If the worst happens and anything starts smoking, it's enclosed in the aluminium box, but I think that is a very low risk. The electrolytic caps by the voltage regulators are Rubycons, which are good quality Japanese caps.

Putting the transformer in a separate metal case shields the rest of the circuit from mains hum, and even with the two cases mounted on top of each other as in the photo I could hear no hum at all in the headphones, with the volume on the amp turned up to 11. The connecting cable from the transformer box to the dac is 1m long, so the transformer box can be sited remotely from the dac box if desired, for further isolation from the transformer. There was also no hiss noise audible in the headphones at all at maximum volume with no music signal, all very good. I also tried listening to silence here :-
View: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_VUKfrA9oLQ
and again, I was unable to hear any hum or hiss in the headphones with volume set to max. So its pretty good.

I measured the DC offset at the two RCA outputs, the left hand channel was 0 mV which is perfect, while the right hand channel had a +4 mV DC offset, not perfect but still pretty good. My meter claims to be accurate to within +/- 1 mV (if I can believe that). There is a discussion below of how much DC offset is acceptable from a line level output, received wisdom is anything <50 mV is acceptable for audio, whereas <5 mV is preferable and 0V is perfect. So this dac appears to be fine. Of course I don't have any proper audio test equipment so this review is only a basic check.

It sounds excellent, anyway, this is another good one. It's definitely musical, the wolfson chip is capable of good results. Good bass extension and very sweet midrange, wide sound stage, and not tiring to listen to. I think this sounds better on freebsd than my Audinst HUD-MX1 (another WM8740 design) sounds on linux. In fact I think this one sounds just about on par with my Burr-Brown Aune V2, although the build quality of the Aune is much higher, but that was made 15 years ago when stuff was a lot cheaper than now. I think the era of getting well-made stuff from Shenzhen for ridiculously cheap prices lies 10-15 years in the past now, their costs have gone up a lot, and inflation has eroded the value of our money. But perhaps the circuits are a bit better designed now, and hopefully there are fewer fake components. I would buy this one again, anyway. I paid 86 GBP (which is quite a lot, compared to the prices years ago) and a further 20 for postage, it's quite a heavy package. It took about a week to get here, it was well-packaged and worked as soon as I plugged it in with no problems.

There is a datasheet for the WM8740 here https://www.mouser.com/datasheet/2/76/WM8740_v4.4-532395.pdf
and for the JRC 5532 dual op-amp here https://datasheet4u.com/datasheets/JRC/JRC5532/788679
 
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