I started going down this rabbit hole after upgrading three virtual machines from FreeBSD 14.3-RELEASE-p9 to 14.4-RELEASE. These are hosted on an OpenStack cluster not administered by me. This was a proof-of-concept, so to speak, to move some servers off VMware vSphere to another group's OpenStack platform.
This is my first time using OpenStack and for the most part it works fine. When we installed these three VMs, we used the official FreeBSD cloud image (FreeBSD-14.3-RELEASE-amd64-BASIC-CLOUDINIT-zfs.qcow2). From the beginning, there was a small part of me that would notice "Hey, is this slower than I'm used to?" when doing anything. Something felt off compared to my vSphere VMs. But the workloads were seemingly running ok. I did have to adjust php opcache to get better results.
Fast forward to a few weeks ago when I decided to upgrade to 14.4-RELEASE. That's when things were extremely noticeable. The OpenStack VMs were taking an hour or more to run through the standard process of
I know benchmarks and speed tests are not always indicators of problems, but I needed something to confirm what I was witnessing. I've never experienced this level of slowness on FreeBSD before.
OpenStack VMs used the official cloud image (FreeBSD-14.3-RELEASE-amd64-BASIC-CLOUDINIT-zfs.qcow2) to create the VM using all defaults. The vSphere VM was created using the iso image (FreeBSD-14.3-RELEASE-amd64-disc1.iso).
On an OpenStack VM
On a vSphere VM
Similarities
Differences (Obvious ones I can think of. Let me know if there's something else to check.)
/boot/loader.conf
/etc/sysctl.conf
I don't know anything about the OpenStack hardware. Our vSphere cluster is sitting on top of Dell PowerStore 3000T running all flash storage with 25Gb interconnects to the vSphere hosts.
I'm needing guidance on how to interpret the results and why there is an obvious drop-off in disk performance on OpenStack. Is there anything I can do to improve the OpenStack performance at the VM-level? Are there better
This is my first time using OpenStack and for the most part it works fine. When we installed these three VMs, we used the official FreeBSD cloud image (FreeBSD-14.3-RELEASE-amd64-BASIC-CLOUDINIT-zfs.qcow2). From the beginning, there was a small part of me that would notice "Hey, is this slower than I'm used to?" when doing anything. Something felt off compared to my vSphere VMs. But the workloads were seemingly running ok. I did have to adjust php opcache to get better results.
Fast forward to a few weeks ago when I decided to upgrade to 14.4-RELEASE. That's when things were extremely noticeable. The OpenStack VMs were taking an hour or more to run through the standard process of
freebsd-update -r 14.4-RELEASE upgrade and the subsequent install commands and reboots. On my vSphere VMs, I can complete this process in 15 minutes or so depending on if I have to clear up any conflicts. Obviously, I could easily compare 15 minutes to 60+ minutes. And it was the same across all VMs.I know benchmarks and speed tests are not always indicators of problems, but I needed something to confirm what I was witnessing. I've never experienced this level of slowness on FreeBSD before.
OpenStack VMs used the official cloud image (FreeBSD-14.3-RELEASE-amd64-BASIC-CLOUDINIT-zfs.qcow2) to create the VM using all defaults. The vSphere VM was created using the iso image (FreeBSD-14.3-RELEASE-amd64-disc1.iso).
Code:
[~]$ freebsd-version -kru ; uname -aKU
14.4-RELEASE
14.4-RELEASE
14.4-RELEASE
FreeBSD <both VMs> 14.4-RELEASE FreeBSD 14.4-RELEASE releng/14.4-n273675-a456f852d145 GENERIC amd64 1404000 1404000On an OpenStack VM
Code:
[root@openstack-vm ~]# fio --name=random-write --ioengine=posixaio --rw=randwrite --bs=4k --size=4g --numjobs=1 --iodepth=1 --runtime=60 --time_based --end_fsync=1
write: IOPS=484, BW=1940KiB/s (1986kB/s)(115MiB/60590msec); 0 zone resets
WRITE: bw=1940KiB/s (1986kB/s), 1940KiB/s-1940KiB/s (1986kB/s-1986kB/s), io=115MiB (120MB), run=60590-60590msec
[root@openstack-vm ~]# bonnie++ -d /mnt/test -u root -s 16G -n 256
Version 1.98 ------Sequential Output------ --Sequential Input- --Random-
-Per Chr- --Block-- -Rewrite- -Per Chr- --Block-- --Seeks--
Name:Size etc /sec %CP /sec %CP /sec %CP /sec %CP /sec %CP /sec %CP
openstack-vm 16G 301k 95 27.7m 1 66.6m 4 1033k 99 590m 19 2815 53
Latency 58116us 16468ms 6927ms 16962us 170ms 179ms
Version 1.98 ------Sequential Create------ --------Random Create--------
openstack-vm -Create-- --Read--- -Delete-- -Create-- --Read--- -Delete--
files /sec %CP /sec %CP /sec %CP /sec %CP /sec %CP /sec %CP
256 21175.718292 25 233652.842040 99 57980.991283 94 75808.902620 97 203705.724168 98 63950.805093 98
Latency 7535ms 10186us 12734us 43836us 1279us 4126usOn a vSphere VM
Code:
[root@vsphere-vm ~]# fio --name=random-write --ioengine=posixaio --rw=randwrite --bs=4k --size=4g --numjobs=1 --iodepth=1 --runtime=60 --time_based --end_fsync=1
write: IOPS=11.1k, BW=43.5MiB/s (45.6MB/s)(2621MiB/60260msec); 0 zone resets
WRITE: bw=43.5MiB/s (45.6MB/s), 43.5MiB/s-43.5MiB/s (45.6MB/s-45.6MB/s), io=2621MiB (2749MB), run=60260-60260msec
[root@vsphere-vm ~]# bonnie++ -d /mnt/test -u root -s 16G -n 256
Version 1.98 ------Sequential Output------ --Sequential Input- --Random-
-Per Chr- --Block-- -Rewrite- -Per Chr- --Block-- --Seeks--
Name:Size etc /sec %CP /sec %CP /sec %CP /sec %CP /sec %CP /sec %CP
vsphere-vm 16G 288k 99 1.5g 95 1.1g 95 798k 99 2.7g 99 +++++ +++
Latency 38474us 2748us 2908us 18932us 802us 1568us
Version 1.98 ------Sequential Create------ --------Random Create--------
vsphere-vm -Create-- --Read--- -Delete-- -Create-- --Read--- -Delete--
files /sec %CP /sec %CP /sec %CP /sec %CP /sec %CP /sec %CP
256 60087.271687 99 197630.015678 99 44886.226062 92 67944.266626 98 188127.384552 99 49042.758713 98
Latency 2310us 111us 188ms 25797us 78us 3201usSimilarities
- Both are running the same FreeBSD
- Both are running ZFS
- Both are using 8GB vRAM
- Disks are both 40GB
zroot primarycache allzroot atime off
Differences (Obvious ones I can think of. Let me know if there's something else to check.)
- Infrastructure hosting
- vCPU
- OpenStack VM has 4 vCPU
- vSphere VM has 2 vCPU
zfs compression- OpenStack VM is
off - vSphere VM is
lz4
- OpenStack VM is
Code:
[root@openstack-vm ~]# gpart show -lp
=> 34 83886006 vtbd0 GPT (40G)
34 345 vtbd0p1 bootfs (173K)
379 66584 vtbd0p2 efiesp (33M)
66963 2097152 vtbd0p3 swapfs (1G)
2164115 2048 vtbd0s4 config-drive (1M)
2166163 81719877 vtbd0p5 rootfs (39G)
[root@openstack-vm ~]# zpool list
NAME SIZE ALLOC FREE CKPOINT EXPANDSZ FRAG CAP DEDUP HEALTH ALTROOT
zroot 38.5G 19.5G 19.0G - - 16% 50% 1.00x ONLINE -
[root@openstack-vm ~]# zpool status
pool: zroot
state: ONLINE
config:
NAME STATE READ WRITE CKSUM
zroot ONLINE 0 0 0
vtbd0p5 ONLINE 0 0 0
errors: No known data errors
[root@openstack-vm ~]# pciconf -lv
hostb0@pci0:0:0:0: class=0x060000 rev=0x02 hdr=0x00 vendor=0x8086 device=0x1237 subvendor=0x1af4 subdevice=0x1100
vendor = 'Intel Corporation'
device = '440FX - 82441FX PMC [Natoma]'
class = bridge
subclass = HOST-PCI
isab0@pci0:0:1:0: class=0x060100 rev=0x00 hdr=0x00 vendor=0x8086 device=0x7000 subvendor=0x1af4 subdevice=0x1100
vendor = 'Intel Corporation'
device = '82371SB PIIX3 ISA [Natoma/Triton II]'
class = bridge
subclass = PCI-ISA
atapci0@pci0:0:1:1: class=0x010180 rev=0x00 hdr=0x00 vendor=0x8086 device=0x7010 subvendor=0x1af4 subdevice=0x1100
vendor = 'Intel Corporation'
device = '82371SB PIIX3 IDE [Natoma/Triton II]'
class = mass storage
subclass = ATA
intsmb0@pci0:0:1:3: class=0x068000 rev=0x03 hdr=0x00 vendor=0x8086 device=0x7113 subvendor=0x1af4 subdevice=0x1100
vendor = 'Intel Corporation'
device = '82371AB/EB/MB PIIX4 ACPI'
class = bridge
vgapci0@pci0:0:2:0: class=0x030000 rev=0x05 hdr=0x00 vendor=0x1b36 device=0x0100 subvendor=0x1af4 subdevice=0x1100
vendor = 'Red Hat, Inc.'
device = 'QXL paravirtual graphic card'
class = display
subclass = VGA
virtio_pci0@pci0:0:3:0: class=0x020000 rev=0x00 hdr=0x00 vendor=0x1af4 device=0x1000 subvendor=0x1af4 subdevice=0x0001
vendor = 'Red Hat, Inc.'
device = 'Virtio network device'
class = network
subclass = ethernet
virtio_pci1@pci0:0:4:0: class=0x078000 rev=0x00 hdr=0x00 vendor=0x1af4 device=0x1003 subvendor=0x1af4 subdevice=0x0003
vendor = 'Red Hat, Inc.'
device = 'Virtio console'
class = simple comms
virtio_pci2@pci0:0:5:0: class=0x010000 rev=0x00 hdr=0x00 vendor=0x1af4 device=0x1001 subvendor=0x1af4 subdevice=0x0002
vendor = 'Red Hat, Inc.'
device = 'Virtio block device'
class = mass storage
subclass = SCSI
virtio_pci3@pci0:0:6:0: class=0x00ff00 rev=0x00 hdr=0x00 vendor=0x1af4 device=0x1002 subvendor=0x1af4 subdevice=0x0005
vendor = 'Red Hat, Inc.'
device = 'Virtio memory balloon'
class = old
virtio_pci4@pci0:0:7:0: class=0x00ff00 rev=0x00 hdr=0x00 vendor=0x1af4 device=0x1005 subvendor=0x1af4 subdevice=0x0004
vendor = 'Red Hat, Inc.'
device = 'Virtio RNG'
class = old
Code:
[root@vsphere-vm ~]# gpart show -lp
=> 40 83886000 da0 GPT (40G)
40 1024 da0p1 gptboot0 (512K)
1064 984 - free - (492K)
2048 8388608 da0p2 swap0 (4.0G)
8390656 75493376 da0p3 zfs0 (36G)
83884032 2008 - free - (1.0M)
[root@vsphere-vm ~]# zpool list
NAME SIZE ALLOC FREE CKPOINT EXPANDSZ FRAG CAP DEDUP HEALTH ALTROOT
zroot 35.5G 4.01G 31.5G - - 20% 11% 1.00x ONLINE -
[root@vsphere-vm ~]# zpool status
pool: zroot
state: ONLINE
config:
NAME STATE READ WRITE CKSUM
zroot ONLINE 0 0 0
da0p3 ONLINE 0 0 0
errors: No known data errors
[root@vsphere-vm ~]# pciconf -lv
hostb0@pci0:0:0:0: class=0x060000 rev=0x01 hdr=0x00 vendor=0x8086 device=0x7190 subvendor=0x15ad subdevice=0x1976
vendor = 'Intel Corporation'
device = '440BX/ZX/DX - 82443BX/ZX/DX Host bridge'
class = bridge
subclass = HOST-PCI
pcib1@pci0:0:1:0: class=0x060400 rev=0x01 hdr=0x01 vendor=0x8086 device=0x7191 subvendor=0x0000 subdevice=0x0000
vendor = 'Intel Corporation'
device = '440BX/ZX/DX - 82443BX/ZX/DX AGP bridge'
class = bridge
subclass = PCI-PCI
isab0@pci0:0:7:0: class=0x060100 rev=0x08 hdr=0x00 vendor=0x8086 device=0x7110 subvendor=0x15ad subdevice=0x1976
vendor = 'Intel Corporation'
device = '82371AB/EB/MB PIIX4 ISA'
class = bridge
subclass = PCI-ISA
atapci0@pci0:0:7:1: class=0x01018a rev=0x01 hdr=0x00 vendor=0x8086 device=0x7111 subvendor=0x15ad subdevice=0x1976
vendor = 'Intel Corporation'
device = '82371AB/EB/MB PIIX4 IDE'
class = mass storage
subclass = ATA
intsmb0@pci0:0:7:3: class=0x068000 rev=0x08 hdr=0x00 vendor=0x8086 device=0x7113 subvendor=0x15ad subdevice=0x1976
vendor = 'Intel Corporation'
device = '82371AB/EB/MB PIIX4 ACPI'
class = bridge
vmci0@pci0:0:7:7: class=0x088000 rev=0x10 hdr=0x00 vendor=0x15ad device=0x0740 subvendor=0x15ad subdevice=0x0740
vendor = 'VMware'
device = 'Virtual Machine Communication Interface'
class = base peripheral
vgapci0@pci0:0:15:0: class=0x030000 rev=0x00 hdr=0x00 vendor=0x15ad device=0x0405 subvendor=0x15ad subdevice=0x0405
vendor = 'VMware'
device = 'SVGA II Adapter'
class = display
subclass = VGA
pcib2@pci0:0:17:0: class=0x060401 rev=0x02 hdr=0x01 vendor=0x15ad device=0x0790 subvendor=0x15ad subdevice=0x0790
vendor = 'VMware'
device = 'PCI bridge'
class = bridge
subclass = PCI-PCI
pcib3@pci0:0:21:0: class=0x060400 rev=0x01 hdr=0x01 vendor=0x15ad device=0x07a0 subvendor=0x15ad subdevice=0x07a0
vendor = 'VMware'
device = 'PCI Express Root Port'
class = bridge
subclass = PCI-PCI
pcib4@pci0:0:21:1: class=0x060400 rev=0x01 hdr=0x01 vendor=0x15ad device=0x07a0 subvendor=0x15ad subdevice=0x07a0
vendor = 'VMware'
device = 'PCI Express Root Port'
class = bridge
subclass = PCI-PCI
pcib5@pci0:0:21:2: class=0x060400 rev=0x01 hdr=0x01 vendor=0x15ad device=0x07a0 subvendor=0x15ad subdevice=0x07a0
vendor = 'VMware'
device = 'PCI Express Root Port'
class = bridge
subclass = PCI-PCI
pcib6@pci0:0:21:3: class=0x060400 rev=0x01 hdr=0x01 vendor=0x15ad device=0x07a0 subvendor=0x15ad subdevice=0x07a0
vendor = 'VMware'
device = 'PCI Express Root Port'
class = bridge
subclass = PCI-PCI
pcib7@pci0:0:21:4: class=0x060400 rev=0x01 hdr=0x01 vendor=0x15ad device=0x07a0 subvendor=0x15ad subdevice=0x07a0
vendor = 'VMware'
device = 'PCI Express Root Port'
class = bridge
subclass = PCI-PCI
pcib8@pci0:0:21:5: class=0x060400 rev=0x01 hdr=0x01 vendor=0x15ad device=0x07a0 subvendor=0x15ad subdevice=0x07a0
vendor = 'VMware'
device = 'PCI Express Root Port'
class = bridge
subclass = PCI-PCI
pcib9@pci0:0:21:6: class=0x060400 rev=0x01 hdr=0x01 vendor=0x15ad device=0x07a0 subvendor=0x15ad subdevice=0x07a0
vendor = 'VMware'
device = 'PCI Express Root Port'
class = bridge
subclass = PCI-PCI
pcib10@pci0:0:21:7: class=0x060400 rev=0x01 hdr=0x01 vendor=0x15ad device=0x07a0 subvendor=0x15ad subdevice=0x07a0
vendor = 'VMware'
device = 'PCI Express Root Port'
class = bridge
subclass = PCI-PCI
pcib11@pci0:0:22:0: class=0x060400 rev=0x01 hdr=0x01 vendor=0x15ad device=0x07a0 subvendor=0x15ad subdevice=0x07a0
vendor = 'VMware'
device = 'PCI Express Root Port'
class = bridge
subclass = PCI-PCI
pcib12@pci0:0:22:1: class=0x060400 rev=0x01 hdr=0x01 vendor=0x15ad device=0x07a0 subvendor=0x15ad subdevice=0x07a0
vendor = 'VMware'
device = 'PCI Express Root Port'
class = bridge
subclass = PCI-PCI
pcib13@pci0:0:22:2: class=0x060400 rev=0x01 hdr=0x01 vendor=0x15ad device=0x07a0 subvendor=0x15ad subdevice=0x07a0
vendor = 'VMware'
device = 'PCI Express Root Port'
class = bridge
subclass = PCI-PCI
pcib14@pci0:0:22:3: class=0x060400 rev=0x01 hdr=0x01 vendor=0x15ad device=0x07a0 subvendor=0x15ad subdevice=0x07a0
vendor = 'VMware'
device = 'PCI Express Root Port'
class = bridge
subclass = PCI-PCI
pcib15@pci0:0:22:4: class=0x060400 rev=0x01 hdr=0x01 vendor=0x15ad device=0x07a0 subvendor=0x15ad subdevice=0x07a0
vendor = 'VMware'
device = 'PCI Express Root Port'
class = bridge
subclass = PCI-PCI
pcib16@pci0:0:22:5: class=0x060400 rev=0x01 hdr=0x01 vendor=0x15ad device=0x07a0 subvendor=0x15ad subdevice=0x07a0
vendor = 'VMware'
device = 'PCI Express Root Port'
class = bridge
subclass = PCI-PCI
pcib17@pci0:0:22:6: class=0x060400 rev=0x01 hdr=0x01 vendor=0x15ad device=0x07a0 subvendor=0x15ad subdevice=0x07a0
vendor = 'VMware'
device = 'PCI Express Root Port'
class = bridge
subclass = PCI-PCI
pcib18@pci0:0:22:7: class=0x060400 rev=0x01 hdr=0x01 vendor=0x15ad device=0x07a0 subvendor=0x15ad subdevice=0x07a0
vendor = 'VMware'
device = 'PCI Express Root Port'
class = bridge
subclass = PCI-PCI
pcib19@pci0:0:23:0: class=0x060400 rev=0x01 hdr=0x01 vendor=0x15ad device=0x07a0 subvendor=0x15ad subdevice=0x07a0
vendor = 'VMware'
device = 'PCI Express Root Port'
class = bridge
subclass = PCI-PCI
pcib20@pci0:0:23:1: class=0x060400 rev=0x01 hdr=0x01 vendor=0x15ad device=0x07a0 subvendor=0x15ad subdevice=0x07a0
vendor = 'VMware'
device = 'PCI Express Root Port'
class = bridge
subclass = PCI-PCI
pcib21@pci0:0:23:2: class=0x060400 rev=0x01 hdr=0x01 vendor=0x15ad device=0x07a0 subvendor=0x15ad subdevice=0x07a0
vendor = 'VMware'
device = 'PCI Express Root Port'
class = bridge
subclass = PCI-PCI
pcib22@pci0:0:23:3: class=0x060400 rev=0x01 hdr=0x01 vendor=0x15ad device=0x07a0 subvendor=0x15ad subdevice=0x07a0
vendor = 'VMware'
device = 'PCI Express Root Port'
class = bridge
subclass = PCI-PCI
pcib23@pci0:0:23:4: class=0x060400 rev=0x01 hdr=0x01 vendor=0x15ad device=0x07a0 subvendor=0x15ad subdevice=0x07a0
vendor = 'VMware'
device = 'PCI Express Root Port'
class = bridge
subclass = PCI-PCI
pcib24@pci0:0:23:5: class=0x060400 rev=0x01 hdr=0x01 vendor=0x15ad device=0x07a0 subvendor=0x15ad subdevice=0x07a0
vendor = 'VMware'
device = 'PCI Express Root Port'
class = bridge
subclass = PCI-PCI
pcib25@pci0:0:23:6: class=0x060400 rev=0x01 hdr=0x01 vendor=0x15ad device=0x07a0 subvendor=0x15ad subdevice=0x07a0
vendor = 'VMware'
device = 'PCI Express Root Port'
class = bridge
subclass = PCI-PCI
pcib26@pci0:0:23:7: class=0x060400 rev=0x01 hdr=0x01 vendor=0x15ad device=0x07a0 subvendor=0x15ad subdevice=0x07a0
vendor = 'VMware'
device = 'PCI Express Root Port'
class = bridge
subclass = PCI-PCI
pcib27@pci0:0:24:0: class=0x060400 rev=0x01 hdr=0x01 vendor=0x15ad device=0x07a0 subvendor=0x15ad subdevice=0x07a0
vendor = 'VMware'
device = 'PCI Express Root Port'
class = bridge
subclass = PCI-PCI
pcib28@pci0:0:24:1: class=0x060400 rev=0x01 hdr=0x01 vendor=0x15ad device=0x07a0 subvendor=0x15ad subdevice=0x07a0
vendor = 'VMware'
device = 'PCI Express Root Port'
class = bridge
subclass = PCI-PCI
pcib29@pci0:0:24:2: class=0x060400 rev=0x01 hdr=0x01 vendor=0x15ad device=0x07a0 subvendor=0x15ad subdevice=0x07a0
vendor = 'VMware'
device = 'PCI Express Root Port'
class = bridge
subclass = PCI-PCI
pcib30@pci0:0:24:3: class=0x060400 rev=0x01 hdr=0x01 vendor=0x15ad device=0x07a0 subvendor=0x15ad subdevice=0x07a0
vendor = 'VMware'
device = 'PCI Express Root Port'
class = bridge
subclass = PCI-PCI
pcib31@pci0:0:24:4: class=0x060400 rev=0x01 hdr=0x01 vendor=0x15ad device=0x07a0 subvendor=0x15ad subdevice=0x07a0
vendor = 'VMware'
device = 'PCI Express Root Port'
class = bridge
subclass = PCI-PCI
pcib32@pci0:0:24:5: class=0x060400 rev=0x01 hdr=0x01 vendor=0x15ad device=0x07a0 subvendor=0x15ad subdevice=0x07a0
vendor = 'VMware'
device = 'PCI Express Root Port'
class = bridge
subclass = PCI-PCI
pcib33@pci0:0:24:6: class=0x060400 rev=0x01 hdr=0x01 vendor=0x15ad device=0x07a0 subvendor=0x15ad subdevice=0x07a0
vendor = 'VMware'
device = 'PCI Express Root Port'
class = bridge
subclass = PCI-PCI
pcib34@pci0:0:24:7: class=0x060400 rev=0x01 hdr=0x01 vendor=0x15ad device=0x07a0 subvendor=0x15ad subdevice=0x07a0
vendor = 'VMware'
device = 'PCI Express Root Port'
class = bridge
subclass = PCI-PCI
pvscsi0@pci0:3:0:0: class=0x010700 rev=0x02 hdr=0x00 vendor=0x15ad device=0x07c0 subvendor=0x15ad subdevice=0x07c0
vendor = 'VMware'
device = 'PVSCSI SCSI Controller'
class = mass storage
subclass = SAS
vmx0@pci0:11:0:0: class=0x020000 rev=0x01 hdr=0x00 vendor=0x15ad device=0x07b0 subvendor=0x15ad subdevice=0x07b0
vendor = 'VMware'
device = 'VMXNET3 Ethernet Controller'
class = network
subclass = ethernet/boot/loader.conf
Code:
[root@openstack-vm ~]# cat /boot/loader.conf
autoboot_delay="-1"
beastie_disable="YES"
console="comconsole,vidconsole"
kern.geom.label.disk_ident.enable=0
loader_logo="none"
zfs_load=YES
[root@vsphere-vm ~]# cat /boot/loader.conf
cryptodev_load="YES"
kern.geom.label.disk_ident.enable="0"
kern.geom.label.gptid.enable="0"
zfs_load="YES"/etc/sysctl.conf
Code:
[root@openstack-vm ~]# cat /etc/sysctl.conf
<file is empty>
[root@vsphere-vm ~]# cat /etc/sysctl.conf
vfs.zfs.min_auto_ashift=12I don't know anything about the OpenStack hardware. Our vSphere cluster is sitting on top of Dell PowerStore 3000T running all flash storage with 25Gb interconnects to the vSphere hosts.
I'm needing guidance on how to interpret the results and why there is an obvious drop-off in disk performance on OpenStack. Is there anything I can do to improve the OpenStack performance at the VM-level? Are there better
fio or bonnie++ tests I can run?
