What can be done with a PC today, that could not be done 25 years ago?

In general terms I think we do most of the same things now that we did back in the early 2000's. I know I do. In broad general terms it was work and play. We can now do stuff with more pixels using less volume and some of this stuff is now faster (beach ball of doom, hourglass of doom, etc) others appear depressingly the same or worse (the internet is not objectively better).
As for arkanoid, tetris and even pong, yeah, still good :p

This is sort of what I mean. As I remember, you could play Quake in 2001. Also, 21 inch monitors were not uncommon. Two 21 inch monitors was not that bad a setup.
In 2001, I used a browser, maybe some word processor, and spreadsheets. Got email. I watched videos, listened to music, maybe played a few games: quake, doom, wolfenstein. Google was out.
I played with Linux and FreeBSD back then, but I don't think either was really great for a desktop back then.

There was no roku or dlna back then. There is that. Although even that was around by 2010. We also had flat screens, usb, and hdmi, by 2010. Even phones are not that much different than from 2010.

Google AI "Gemini" did not exist, but I think that would work on a 25 year old box, and a 25 year old OS.

Computers are far more powerful now. But for all the frantic pace of hardware improvements, and software upgrades, I still do about the same things.
 
Storing 50MB on not 20 floppy disks was progress.
Remember always the last one was somehow corrupted. Floppy disks didn't like tram drives.
But the pain of setting the reading head in cassette player on Sinclair or Commodore or Atari was really bad. Every cassette had different position to read it correctly. Experience folk just put epoxied glue on the screw and refused to budge for anyone.
 
I could not draw such complex drawings in CAD. It was simply not possible with the hardware. Now I can do it even through linuxulator and it's still fast.
But yeah, fundamentally not that much has changed. Mobile computing took over the consumer market, but big ol computers are fundamentally the same, only more powerful.
 
So.. what everyone forgets about purchasing PCs 25 years ago is... back then they were building "WINDOWS O/S ONLY" PC machines.

So the PC network cards, PC graphic cards, etc would (NEVER WORK) for FreeBSD, Linux, etc because the software drivers for the internal cards were proprietary and bolted only on to the Windows O/S. These "Windows only" machines were "cheap" -- aka the trick was you were LOCKED IN to whatever Windows version was delivered with the PC, but the vendor sold them to you at a cheap price.

So get around that, I used to build my own PC's from the ground up (case, motherboard, ram, hard drives, CD/DVD, etc) -- and (my) final box cost $$$$ was A LOT more than I would have paid for a Windows Only machine, but my self build worked great and I could run "other O/S" on it.

In particular with FreeBSD - I always put the latest NVidia card into the self built PC and it always worked ! NVidia has always been a great supporter of FreeBSD.
 
Speaking of music again - sample playing on a PC wasn't possible.

The sample player for Piano was the Kurzweil keyboard, which had lots of custom chips and very clever sample playing. Of course you could always buy a Synclavier or a Fairlight CMI - which were about $100k.

Today you still need more than average RAM but otherwise a vanilla PC or Mac can play who symphony orchestras from samples.
 
So.. what everyone forgets about purchasing PCs 25 years ago is... back then they were building "WINDOWS O/S ONLY" PC machines.
I've been using OS/2 before I've switched to FreeBSD (actually, I've tried all RELEASES of FreeBSD from 2.1.6 or 2.2.6 through switching to track stable branch with src upgrading), and on both platforms, it's hard to know "does this card run on {OS/2|FreeBSD|anything non-Windows}".

So my strategy was to confirm chips supported by {OS/2|FreeBSD|anything non-Windows I want to try} and find common ones, then, looks for the cards that states using the chip. Yes, it IS a kind of gamble.

When Nifty Serve (something like CompuServe in Japan) still existed, informations about what worked and what didn't was actively exchanged between OS/2 users in Japan including myself. And anyone drew "non-working" cards were called Hitobashira (人柱, mean, victims) and been thanked, as everyone read the person's post can avoid the non-working cards.

And specific for GPUs, as all manufacturers started aggressively adding new mandatory-to-run features, out-of-TIME drivers no longer workable for newer GPUs, thus, made AMD/Intel GPUs quite hard to use, but NVIDIA alone almost continuously (there were relatively narrow unfortunate periods years ago) providing their driver, in sync with Linux versions (but without non-graphics-specific parts like native CUDA) without delay. This is why I contribute to maintaining ports for the drivers as early as I can.

Hope AMD and Intel to do the same for FreeBSD!
 
2001. I had four computers I owned at home. Two in the basement, rack-mounted: One was the 4U home server, with three of four disk drives. Did exactly the same thing my current home server does (DNS, DHCP, NFS, Web serving, files, backup). It ran Linux. The other in the basement was the firewall and router, a 2U rack mount, running OpenBSD. In our "office" at home, we had two desktops, one was a 486-50, the other some sort of Pentium. One with a 17" Sony Trinitron, the other with a 20" monitor. Both Linux, although at least one could dual-boot into Windows (because being compatible with Windows apps like Word and Excel was simply a necessity). We had wired Ethernet all through the house.

For office work, I brought a HP laptop home (at the time, I worked in HP's building 1). It had a docking station with a PCI slot, which contained a fiber channel card. A long fiber cable was run to the basement, where I had a JBOD with about a dozen disk drives, 9 GByte each, I think 7200 RPM. The laptop was perfectly capable of doing interesting research work and high IO workloads (thousands of IOps, hundreds of MByte/s). I had some of the first LCD displays that HP sold at home on the laptop; it was much nicer to use for computing than the tube monitors. On the other hand, using the laptop "on my lap" on the sofa or in bed or on a comfy chair was horrible, because the internal screen was awful (I think 1024x768), the keyboard was so-so, and the touch panel was maybe 3 x 5 cm in size.

We had a "very fast" internet connection, an ISDN line that provided either 128 or 144 kBit per second. It was enough to browse the web. We could download and play music at home, one of the desktop machines had a SoundBlaster card. Downloading and playing live video was was de-facto impossible, at least not live. Roughly the same time we bought a DVD player and connected it to the TV, which meant we could watch movies much more conveniently; since we had a small child, many of the movies were things like Toy Story.

Over the next 25 years, I think the real change has been in a few dimensions. First, the computers have become much smaller. My current home server is the size of a shoe box, has about as many disk drives as I used to have in a whole rack in the basement (but much more space), and is somewhat faster (not many orders of magnitude though). It also does the function of firewall and router now. My current MacBook Air has a much larger screen than the 2001 HP laptop, a very good keyboard, and a fabulous trackpad. It is perfectly functional as a go-anywhere machine, and other than for gaming, heavy development, and tasks that require viewing many documents at once, I no longer need a stationary desktop. Although I do have that, with a 32" LCD screen, big keyboards, and sound output to a set of Yamaha monitor speakers via a dedicated DAC (no more SoundBlaster). I think the first laptop that was bought for home use was about 2004 or so (a Thinkpad T22), until then we only used desktops, or a laptop from work that came home in the evening.

The other huge change has been in internet speed. Today we have three adults at home, and we can all watch videos in good resolution at the same time, without any problem. It is rare that I buy music on CD (most can be streamed), and extremely rare that I buy a DVD (today called BlueRay) to watch a movie. Underlying this is that CPU/GPU speed now allows real-time movie watching at great resolution.

From a practical viewpoint, WiFi and Bluetooth have been complete game changers. The only ethernet wires that are still in use go from the server/firewall to the various access points. I'm still old-fashioned enough to use wired Sennheisers (with a DAC) for music; everyone else in the family is either using in-ears, or some bizarre looking gaming headphones that are bright green and flash LEDs in many colors.

Some people are interested in gaming, I'm not. I'm still at the intellectual level of the 550-point Adventure and Empire the war game of the century. I would love to set up my cp/m machine again, so I could get addicted to playing Ladder (a VT100 version of donkey kong, on a 4 MHz CPU with 64 kBytes or memory, over a 19200 baud serial line, the most fun you can have with a computer). Our son has three very large LCD panels in his room, and some gaming rig that cost him two whole paychecks (he's lucky, doesn't have to pay rent, and mom and dad prepare dinner).

It was a little earlier: in the mid 90s, compiling Linux (the kernel) took several hours. I used to run it overnight only, since during a compilation on the file server, the house infrastructure was de-facto unusable. Compiling gcc or libc was drama, because it would usually not finish by the next day. Even around 2001, compiling the big projects from work at home on the laptop could only be done during the dinner break (having 10 fast disks in parallel helped at lot). At work, I had an 8-CPU PA-RISC machine, and compiles took minutes (I mean 8 physical CPUs, each on a PC board, not one chip with 8 cores). A few years ago, when I worked at Google, for big compilations (everyone remembers "blaze build", right?), database queries in PiB databases, or data science analytics, I would commonly request the use of 8000 or 20,000 CPUs in parallel ... we had them, why not use them. And if a database query takes longer than going to the coffee machine, I'm wasting my valuable time.

I see the real progress not so much in the fact that (a) the personal machines that we (the Silicon Valley technocrats) are using have become much more comfortable, or (b) that we can now do things like live video meetings with 20 participants, or 4K movies on our lap, but instead in the democratization of computing. In the 90s, outside of a relatively small part of the US/European/Japanese population, few people had computers at home, or network access. I remember how difficult it was in the late 90s to get my mother-in-law in a small university town in the US connected via modem, so she could get e-mails and see baby pictures of her grandchild. In contrast, a few years ago I was in a poor rural area in the interior of Brazil (where my parents had moved), and everyone had at least one cell phone, my parents had multiple laptops and WiFi, I could WhatsApp video call with their maid instantaneously when something needed help. The maid's school-age children use tablets and mom's laptop for their homework. We have gone from a situation 25 years ago where perhaps 1% of the world population had instant access to the web for information and to the network for communication, to where de-facto everyone can participate. At work, we used to call that "NBU" or the "Next Billion Users": a product that is used by less than a billion people every month is not really a success.
 
Even though VmWare Workstation was released in 1999, the proliferation of Virtualization on the DESKTOP has happenedn during the last quarter century.

For the history aficionado i would like to mention five books that captures the dawn of the IT era:
These books are not technical instruction but stories of events and people.

  • A quarter century of UNIX by Peter Salus ISBN 0-201-54777-5
  • Where the wizards stay up - Origins of the Internet by Katie Hafner ISBN 0-684-81201-0
  • UNIX A history and a Memoir by Brian Kernighan ISBN 978-169597855-3
  • Revolution in the Valley ( MAC) by Andy Hertzfeld ISBN 0-596-00719-1
  • Hello World(s)! - 10 years of JAVA by SUN Microsystems ISBN 0-13-188867-6
 
Speaking of music again - sample playing on a PC wasn't possible.

The sample player for Piano was the Kurzweil keyboard, which had lots of custom chips and very clever sample playing. Of course you could always buy a Synclavier or a Fairlight CMI - which were about $100k.

Today you still need more than average RAM but otherwise a vanilla PC or Mac can play who symphony orchestras from samples.
When I bought my first SoundBlaster more than 25 years ago, tho,I fiddled with synthesizer and expected some miracle orchestra. I found every instrument sounded almost the same...and well, synthesized.
 
25 years ago a PC cost you an arm and leg...and possibly kidney if you lived outside Western World.
Getting something else than Windows on it was quite the challenge.
And even Windows were either bootlegged risk or an investment.

You spent hours with terrified old ladies, scribbling every key hit in to their notebooks, so they can replicate the workflow later.
Every other day you dealt with Virus outbrake, because half of them had Windows 95 and even the network share the folders had no ACL.
Getting the printer to work was exercise in dark magic. So was any networking - half of clients were on IPX protocol.

And the worst thing - you had to witness how the thing that should have automated away the bureaucracy, was a tool which made one sheet forms into 30 page forms possible and gazillion of emails a day.
 
In 1991 we had CAD for laying out printed circuit boards. I guess not the same thing as architecture or tooling but it did layout multi-layer boards for the system I designed. I guess it wasn't a PC, either.
I had this running on 386 PC under MS-DOS with PADS software. Great tool. My PCB manufacturer was impressed at that time, it just works with his machines.
 
Getting the printer to work was exercise in dark magic.
It used to be a joke that "the first rule of computing is that printers never work". They do seem to mostly work now, surprisingly enough. My little HP all-in-one usb laser printer works great, even the scanner works.
There is a thread here about printing on freebsd https://forums.freebsd.org/threads/about-printing-on-freebsd.79492/ and there was another recent thread all about lpd filters, although I can't find a link to it!
 
I had this running on 386 PC under MS-DOS with PADS software. Great tool. My PCB manufacturer was impressed at that time, it just works with his machines.
I think I used the EAGLE program in MS DOS, not this Windows thing. But I might not remember correctly.
Either way it was able to automatically optimize the board, which of course you had to redo.
Eagle-PCB-Screenshot.jpg
 
I had this running on 386 PC under MS-DOS with PADS software. Great tool. My PCB manufacturer was impressed at that time, it just works with his machines.
Betronix EED3 was good on DOS, I think it came from Denmark or maybe Sweden, can't remember. You got a huge set of floppies and had to install it on the hard drive, it ran on a PC-AT. Of course there was OrCAD, that was 'professional', and a bunch of others whose names I can't remember now, and autocad of course. EED3 was my favourite, you could do 12 layer boards, schematic capture as well as pcb design with front and back annotation, big component library, and it was cheaper than OrCAD which cost thousands. Worked great with a couple of small local pcb makers, just generate the gerber file, I used to send the gerber to a guy who had a photoplotter in his garage who would photoplot it for me, then the plots went to the pcb firm to make the pcb. It had rules checking, a halfway-decent autorouter, and the graphics were actually pretty fast on a 386 with a super-VGA card. I made one particular 4-layer board with it that worked first time, amazingly! I got it back from the pcb firm, soldered all the components in, and the damn thing worked, I was amazed😄. That was maybe around 1986 or 7? I can't remember exactly which year.

Google can't find any mention of Betronix now, there's a company with a similar name called Batronix that makes test equipment, but its not the same company. Sadly they seem to have disappeared into the ether. I just realised that wasn't 25 years ago, either... more like 40 years! Gee, it's getting scary... 😄

Have we got any decent electronics CAD tools on freebsd? I really ought to get back into electronics... I used to love doing that stuff.
 
And I have to mention this classic book by Mr Lewis Eggebrecht (we used to call it the 'eggy bread' book; 'eggy bread' is Yorkshire slang for bread soaked in eggs and fried here). Of course you needed all the datasheets etc but this was the really good book for making PC interface cards. Of course it's all changed now. I think the author was one of the original lead designers of the PC at IBM.
 
Back
Top