Although both of these options are still documented in
vt(4) for FreeBSD 13, they are indeed not working anymore. A
message on the freebsd-current mailing list from january suggests that there are now loader tunables to set fore-/background colors, but no mention of those in
loader.conf(5).
(vt_)efifb is a framebuffer device driver that accesses the graphics hardware through UEFI's graphics output protocol (GOP) without needing a specialized graphics device driver. Once a KMS driver is loaded (like one provided by
graphics/drm-kmod) it replaces efifb.