It's hard to tell. According to everything you wrote above, your complaint is about the computer's console (the thing that happens when you do a shell login to a text-only console), not about a terminal window in a GUI (like X or Wayland). And according to the error messages you posted above, you have not been successful with loading a new font into the console at all. If both these statements are true (but it is unclear), then you are using the default font provided by the hardware. And in that case, yes the hardware will make a difference.
For example, one of my computers can display the greek letter chi on the console, the other can not. Both can display superscript two. Neither can do subscript n. In a GUI window emulator, all three characters are displayed correctly. If this really bothered me a lot, I could load specialized fonts ... but in my case, it's not worth the effort.