Complete Noob

Hi My name is Josh. I recently started using FreeBSD. I tried it in virtualbox and it was okay. I am trying to install on hp desktop.
I am getting the error Xauth: /root/.serverauth.8735 does not exist. I dont know what to do. Please help.
Best thing you can do is to carefully read the User Handbook and follow the setup instructions for Xorg step-by-step. If a step doesn't work, retrace, and see whether you did the previous step correctly.

Also: Maturin :
4. After this do a startx as root.
That is incorrect. Even in the User Handbook, it says you're supposed to run startx as regular user. Running startx as root will fail.
 
That is incorrect. Even in the User Handbook, it says you're supposed to run startx as regular user. Running CMD]startx[/CMD] as root will fail.
That's new to me. Must have been changed recently. I used to startx by root just to see if the X server is technically running, and it worked always. But I can't remember when I set up my last X server by scratch anymore (>3 years, I guess.)
However I neither run X server as root myself, nor I recommend to do this (just for testing purpose.) But if this ain't working anymore, you have add your user(s) to video group first, and test it as a user, of course.
Thanks for clearing that up.
 
You are correct. Thank you!! I didn't install the correct Intel driver and after I did I got Xorg to start but it doesn't go into Gnome which I installed. All I see are the three magenta/teal screens that say xterm on them? Not sure where to go from here.
 
Best thing you can do is to carefully read the User Handbook and follow the setup instructions for Xorg step-by-step. If a step doesn't work, retrace, and see whether you did the previous step correctly.

Also: Maturin :

That is incorrect. Even in the User Handbook, it says you're supposed to run startx as regular user. Running startx as root will fail.
I tried both as root and as user and I received the same message. It turns out that I didn't install the correct intel driver. After I did that I got Xorg to start up after entering startx but it doesn't do anything else after that. I just have those three magenta/teal screens and I have to press cntrl+alt+f1 to go to the terminal. I installed Gnome and was expecting it to go gnome on reboot but it's not.
 
I tried both as root and as user and I received the same message. It turns out that I didn't install the correct intel driver. After I did that I got Xorg to start up after entering startx but it doesn't do anything else after that. I just have those three magenta/teal screens and I have to press cntrl+alt+f1 to go to the terminal. I installed Gnome and was expecting it to go gnome on reboot but it's not.
Well, here's the thing:

Once you enable the GPU, and run startx, it only starts the basic TWM window manager. It should definitely have 3 instances of working XTerm windows that you can move around with the mouse and type in commands. If you don't have even that, you won't have, you're not set up to install GNOME. If you do have XTerm visible and usable, that actually means you have Xorg installed and functioning properly, and you're ready to move on to something more advanced.

Once you have Xorg actually working, then you're ready for GNOME and what not. And yes, it is important to do things in correct sequence, making sure that the previous step works before moving on to the next one. It's OK to mess up and have to go back several steps in order to make corrections. Nobody's gonna bite at you for just that.

Having said all that, and with assumption that you actually have a functional, minimally usable Xorg installed: DId you follow the Handbook properly? As in follow the steps exactly as outlined for GNOME (Section 8.2.2)? Nothing skipped? not even the parts about dbus and /proc ?

Also, there's good and bad ways of asking for help. If you actually RTFM, and then ask for help, it's easier to troubleshoot. If you say that you followed the Handbook, and got stuck on a specific step, it's much easier to help you than if you just say, "I tried a few things at random, and it's not working, please help". So the best help anyone can give you with the information you gave is:

RTFM, and learn to refer to specific parts of the FreeBSD User Handbook. If you do that as the first step, you'll be surprised at what you can pull off. Just randomly installing stuff and blindly trying things won't get you very far, and that's true even in the Linux camp. This applies even if you succeed in installing and running GNOME, BTW. :)
 
Well, here's the thing:

Once you enable the GPU, and run startx, it only starts the basic TWM window manager. It should definitely have 3 instances of working XTerm windows that you can move around with the mouse and type in commands. If you don't have even that, you won't have, you're not set up to install GNOME. If you do have XTerm visible and usable, that actually means you have Xorg installed and functioning properly, and you're ready to move on to something more advanced.

Once you have Xorg actually working, then you're ready for GNOME and what not. And yes, it is important to do things in correct sequence, making sure that the previous step works before moving on to the next one. It's OK to mess up and have to go back several steps in order to make corrections. Nobody's gonna bite at you for just that.

Having said all that, and with assumption that you actually have a functional, minimally usable Xorg installed: DId you follow the Handbook properly? As in follow the steps exactly as outlined for GNOME (Section 8.2.2)? Nothing skipped? not even the parts about dbus and /proc ?

Also, there's good and bad ways of asking for help. If you actually RTFM, and then ask for help, it's easier to troubleshoot. If you say that you followed the Handbook, and got stuck on a specific step, it's much easier to help you than if you just say, "I tried a few things at random, and it's not working, please help". So the best help anyone can give you with the information you gave is:
I've been reading the manual and also watching youtube videos
RTFM, and learn to refer to specific parts of the FreeBSD User Handbook. If you do that as the first step, you'll be surprised at what you can pull off. Just randomly installing stuff and blindly trying things won't get you very far, and that's true even in the Linux camp. This applies even if you succeed in installing and running GNOME, BTW. :)
 
Okay, after reading all of your suggestions and the manual I finally was able get Gnome working. Thank you all. Now I need help getting my internet to work. Also, at one point it logged me off and when I tried to log back in with my password it wouldn't accept it. I had to turn off my computer and turn it back on. The manual said to use command ifconfig and i saw the output and I also my /etc/rc.conf file has the line em0=DHCP. So I don't know what else it needs to connect to the internet.
 
All I see are the three magenta/teal screens that say xterm on them? Not sure where to go from here.
That's the default X server running twm. So you got it up and running! Congrats!
From now on, don't run it as root anymore.
Those are windows, not screens. Also the screen can differ from the display when you use more than one monitor.
If you're confusing the terms you can suffer the right understanding of the documentation. 🥸

Now you get your Gnome Desktop, or whatever desktop environment or window manager you wanna use, installed, up and running.
You find anything you need for that in the HB, or search this forums.
Sorry, buddy, this ain't no rocket science (It's almost more easy than to get the X server up and running.)
But some of us are getting tired to explain the most fundamental basics over and over again and again which is all covered in the first chapters of the HB, many dozens of times in this forums, and on several other pages you find on the net, while FreeBSD is an OS you need to do some things by yourself.

Everybody here is helping you with your homework, but nobody is doing them for you. :cool:
 
Thank you so much. I don't want to be spoonfed. I want to learn. But it's all new to me. I got gnome to run but now I can't get online and when I try certain commands it says I don't have permissions. Do have to get out of Gnome to login as root? I tried what the handbook said for ifconfig and checking to see if I have DHCP and I don't know where to go from there or get permissions to run certain commands in Gnome. Thank you all again. I appreciate you!!
 
Gnome doesn't do anything different than a plain console shell. Either your user has permissions or it doesn't, and when it doesn't that's usually for a very good reason. Network connectivity also does not depend on Gnome. My advice? Get out of your graphical desktop for now, drop the the text console and handle things from there. Less cruft gets in the way.

if you have a line like this in your /etc/rc.conf:

Bash:
ifconfig_em0="DHCP"

..you should get a network interface that looks roughly like this when you just run the 'ifconfig' command from a shell:
Bash:
re0: flags=1008843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST,LOWER_UP> metric 0 mtu 1500
        options=8209b<RXCSUM,TXCSUM,VLAN_MTU,VLAN_HWTAGGING,VLAN_HWCSUM,WOL_MAGIC,LINKSTATE>
ether 30:9c:23:27:d6:bc
inet 10.0.10.26 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 10.0.10.255
media: Ethernet autoselect (1000baseT <full-duplex>)
status: active
nd6 options=23<PERFORMNUD,ACCEPT_RTADV,AUTO_LINKLOCAL>

This comes straight from my desktop, which has a re instead of em interface but it should look quite similar apart from that.

The inet line shows my internal RFC 1918 address 10.0.10.26 and a netmask in hex. You should get something similar from your router.

Your router should also furnish you with a default gateway:


$netstat -rn


..should give you something like:

Code:
Routing tables

Internet:
Destination        Gateway            Flags         Netif Expire
default            10.0.10.1          UGS             re0
10.0.10.0/24       link#1             U               re0
10.0.10.26         link#2             UHS             lo0
127.0.0.1          link#2             UH              lo0

Not the line beginning with 'default'. The gateway should be your router's internal address. If you have that, you should be able to ping the outside world by IP address. Try pinging something like Google's anycast DNS at 8.8.8.8 and it should work.

If it does, you have DNS to set up. This, too, should come from your DHCP.


$cat /etc/resolv.conf


..should give you something like:

Code:
# Generated by resolvconf
search your.internal.domain.com
nameserver 10.0.10.1

There should be at least a 'nameserver' line in there that points to a valid and reachable DNS server. Mine's my router, could be anything though. If you managed to ping 8.8.8.8 you could test with that as a nameserver as well.

If you don't have any lines in your /etc/rc.conf pertaining to firewalls of any kind, you should have connectivity now.
 
But some of us are getting tired to explain the most fundamental basics over and over again and again which is all covered in the first chapters of the HB, many dozens of times in this forums, and on several other pages you find on the net, while FreeBSD is an OS you need to do some things by yourself.
I think this is a pretty good explanation for why RTFM is such a common refrain.

I still have memories of people taking that message the wrong way. Funny how those things even started out. When the very abbreviation RTFM first came into widespread use, it used to be 'language of the cool people', then it became 'terminology that rude tech bros use', when it's really meant, 'If one actually bothers to read the manual and actually spend some time learning from it, that is actually a path to successfully pulling off whatever you want. There's people who actually did it, and now they are the ones who actually know what to do. You can be like that, too, someone who actually knows what to do'.

I still laugh at the disappointment that blog authors express when making 'bros' assessment in the non-computing blogoshere. Tech bros, coffee bros, gaming bros, whatever bros. It's about being willing to learn the stuff, first getting the basics right, and then the finer points. If you can't swim, maybe start somewhere easy first?
🤣
 
I think this is a pretty good explanation for why RTFM is such a common refrain.
Well, yeah, technically I did say the same thing. But because of the 'F' RTFM is kind of rude.
And there are situations when I say the same 😁

I don't want to put off any newbie. I don't see neither myself, nor this community as a bunch of snotty arrogant a.... but am interested in growing the game.
There may be other operating systems for "come back when you are a real hacker, unworthy one." Neither I see with FreeBSD this is the case, nor I want that to be (If you don't want to be free to others, stay closed [source]!)
I remember my own first steps I had ~thirty years ago with Linux, and the experience I had with some of those guys in some of their forums those days shaped my attitude about Linux to kind of 'FU!' - and it still lingers on.
If this can be avoided by some more kindly chosen words, at least I try. :cool:

Get into Unix[like] primarily means learn to help yourself, which primarily means two things:
Know where to start. And learn to find documentation, and learn how to read it. That's exactly what the very first chapters of any book about Unix[like] I ever looked into are all about: Where to get documentation. Unfortunately those chapters seldom explain how to read. Which of course is almost impossible to explain usefully, since everybody has her or his own style, so need to find out for themselves.
But FreeBSD comes with a lot of additional documentation. "Only" covering selected, the most needed tasks, at least for the start. So not covering everything, but therefore explaining more:
The FreeBSD HB, the FAQs, the Wiki, and this forums (Well this forums covers almost everything, but threads getting almost always lost in off-topic details very quickly.😂 This forums are a real goldmine. But you also need to learn how to dig them. 💡Tip: Use duckduckgo.com instead of the forums' intern search: "FreeBSD [.....]" almost always produces a suitable link to this forums as first shot, which most of the times is all you were looking for.)
Plus there are a lot of books, also recommended in this forums. Exemplary examples I picked up here are:
Kochan, Wood, Shell Programming in Unix, Linux and OS X, Addison Wesly (Very easy to read, and to comprehend; very good to quickly get in.)
Robbins, Beebe, Classic Shell Scripting, O'Reilly (a bit more ambitious, therefor more complex things are teached.)
Those are not just for shell scripting, only, but very good to get into any unix[like] at all (in general usage of the system; not covering technical details for setting something up, or configure anything, of course.)

But the main and core documentation are and stay the manpages
While any book can only cover selected topics, the timeless fundamentals, be more general, or being outdated quickly. The manpages are the only way to have a complete, and up-to-date documentation of everything, if they are maintained parallel to the software, because they are part of it.
But they are very brief, not explaining much, needed to be learned how to read, and use them. (I think I recall I saw some How-To "Read Manpages" here in the forums... 🤔)

So, bottom line:
I try to give anybody a good start into FreeBSD: Feel her or him welcome, and give some hint, where to start.
But I will not repeat again (and again) what's already written in the official documentation.
This will not help in the long term anyway.
I fully feel with a newbie being overchallenged by the immense amount of documentation there is, the tasks need to be done, and furthermore all the things that can be done - especially when some one comes from the tiny and "everything is already prechewed for you on the silver platter" Windows universe - it's already hard to find where to start (FAQs (5...10 minutes), then The Handbook 🤓.)
If somebody is not willing to go this road - which is pretty okay - then FreeBSD is not the correct choice.
Then I may also say a RTFM:"Buddy, reconsider! Then decide: Do it. Do it now. Do it another time. Or don't do it all. It's all okay. But nobody is going this way for you, because nobody can but you, and only you." 🤓
 
I understand about reading the manual. That's the first step anyone should take. But for someone totally new this they could still be confused. I executed some of the commands from the handbook and it said permission denied. And when I tried to use su or sudo it said it doesn't exist. I want to learn so I can hopefully teach someone else at some point. I appreciate everyone's help. You guys are great! I wish there was a local group here in Phoenix.
 
But for someone totally new this they could still be confused. I executed some of the commands from the handbook and it said permission denied.
Then you lack the core fundamentals of Unix. Need to learn about user 'root', users, permissions, etc.
But this chapter is also read in 10..15 minutes.😁

Two rules:
To me it seems you came from Windows, never really experienced some unix[like] before.
So be patient with yourself! You opened the door to a very large universe, that's completely new to you. Mostly it's a lot of stuff, but seldom really complicated. The danger is more you get lost at sea because you cannot decide which way to go first, and to lose overview. So, pick carefully - especially decide what you don't need currently at the moment. Throw overboard! At least for the start. You will be surprised what you all don't need. 😁
(I always must think of this scene in the movie "Platoon" when they start to their first patrol, and the sarge de-trashed his new recruits:"Don't need this. Won't need that..." 😂)

Second rule:

Don't panic | Picture Quotes


You are using FreeBSD. There (almost) always is a way.
If you get in trouble - and you will 😁, especially for the start, such as you edited your /etc/rc.conf or /boot/loader.conf and the shit won't come up fully anymore - well: Don't panic.
Learn how to use the shell, to mount your filesystem writeable, comment or correct the line that causes the trouble, and reboot... You will learn: FreeBSD is pretty tough. It needs quite a bit to reformat the drives, and start all over again.
Uh, that reminds me:
Homework: When you have a machine running, doing useful things. Before you going to start doing real production:
Think of a backup plan!
 
I've used different Linux systems over the years. It's just more user friendly. I have Linux Mint on my laptop dual booting with Windows 11. It's so smooth. But I want to learn BSD also and Debian. I know there are versions of BSD that are user friendly and I've worked with some of them before. Like PCBSD and DesktopBSD. But I want to figure out FreeBSD. Thank you for your comments. Much appreciated!
 
Gnome doesn't do anything different than a plain console shell. Either your user has permissions or it doesn't, and when it doesn't that's usually for a very good reason. Network connectivity also does not depend on Gnome. My advice? Get out of your graphical desktop for now, drop the the text console and handle things from there. Less cruft gets in the way.

if you have a line like this in your /etc/rc.conf:

Bash:
ifconfig_em0="DHCP"

..you should get a network interface that looks roughly like this when you just run the 'ifconfig' command from a shell:
Bash:
re0: flags=1008843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST,LOWER_UP> metric 0 mtu 1500
        options=8209b<RXCSUM,TXCSUM,VLAN_MTU,VLAN_HWTAGGING,VLAN_HWCSUM,WOL_MAGIC,LINKSTATE>
ether 30:9c:23:27:d6:bc
inet 10.0.10.26 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 10.0.10.255
media: Ethernet autoselect (1000baseT <full-duplex>)
status: active
nd6 options=23<PERFORMNUD,ACCEPT_RTADV,AUTO_LINKLOCAL>

This comes straight from my desktop, which has a re instead of em interface but it should look quite similar apart from that.

The inet line shows my internal RFC 1918 address 10.0.10.26 and a netmask in hex. You should get something similar from your router.

Your router should also furnish you with a default gateway:


$netstat -rn


..should give you something like:

Code:
Routing tables

Internet:
Destination        Gateway            Flags         Netif Expire
default            10.0.10.1          UGS             re0
10.0.10.0/24       link#1             U               re0
10.0.10.26         link#2             UHS             lo0
127.0.0.1          link#2             UH              lo0

Not the line beginning with 'default'. The gateway should be your router's internal address. If you have that, you should be able to ping the outside world by IP address. Try pinging something like Google's anycast DNS at 8.8.8.8 and it should work.

If it does, you have DNS to set up. This, too, should come from your DHCP.


$cat /etc/resolv.conf


..should give you something like:

Code:
# Generated by resolvconf
search your.internal.domain.com
nameserver 10.0.10.1

There should be at least a 'nameserver' line in there that points to a valid and reachable DNS server. Mine's my router, could be anything though. If you managed to ping 8.8.8.8 you could test with that as a nameserver as well.

If you don't have any lines in your /etc/rc.conf pertaining to firewalls of any kind, you should have connectivity now.
Okay, I'll try this when I get home. I wish I could paste what I get when I run these commands. Maybe I'll take a screenshot with my phone. I do get what you describe when I run ifconfig but I don't know what to do after that.
 
Okay, I'll try this when I get home. I wish I could paste what I get when I run these commands. Maybe I'll take a screenshot with my phone. I do get what you describe when I run ifconfig but I don't know what to do after that.
FreeBSD is pretty different from Linux in many respects. For example, the ifconfig command - Linux used to have it, but they switched to ip, and the manpage lists very different options. Even I find it daunting to study. I have no idea why Linux switched things around like that... My thinking goes, if it ain't broke, don't fix it.

Command-line can be difficult to master, but it is one of the basics in any UNIX-like environment. In the world of UNIX/Linux/BSD, everything is built on top of the command-line, even the graphical desktops. If you hang around the Forums long enough, you'll see that even with command-line, you can do a surprising amount of stuff - start with editors/nano, that will serve you well (and there's plenty of people here who swear by ed or vi or editors/emacs...) Point being, start with simple stuff. Frankly, even I consider Emacs to be too hairy for me, and vi - there's plenty of cheat sheets on the Internet that are easy to find if need be.
 
I understand about reading the manual. That's the first step anyone should take. But for someone totally new this they could still be confused.
Read multiple manual! See what the gist is, then see how that applies to FreeBSD.

I feel an understanding of what FreeBSD offers has a requirement of understanding why FreeBSD does things appearingly-different than other OSs (along with experience of how those other OSs work). Understanding those differences requires reading and understanding. Why are you interested in FreeBSD vs other OSs?

Or rather, the time taken to respond to posts friendly here could be used to read more manuals :p
 
I executed some of the commands from the handbook and it said permission denied. And when I tried to use su or sudo it said it doesn't exist.
As root, add your user to wheel group:

Type CTRL+ALT + 1 to go to Terminal, login as root.

login: root
password: (root pw)
pw groupmod wheel -m jnalli

Logout as root.
Go back to Desktop user by pressing CTRL + ALT + 9
Then, on user Terminal, you type:

su -
password: (root password)

And you can use root commands from desktop user Terminal.
 
As root, add your user to wheel group:

Type CTRL+ALT + 1 to go to Terminal, login as root.

login: root
password: (root pw)
pw groupmod wheel -m jnalli

Logout as root.
Go back to Desktop user by pressing CTRL + ALT + 9
Then, on user Terminal, you type:

su -
password: (root password)

And you can use root commands from desktop user Terminal.
Great! Thank you! I am going to try this.
 
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