chances are high it's /etc/wpa_supplicant.conf related: you should report which kind of connection are you trying to attach to (indicated by the output of ifconfig wlan0 list scan
) and the wpa_supplicant.conf you're using.
you did bring your interface up first, didn't you? ifconfig $interface up
is the equivalent of Linux iproute2's: ip link set $interface up
In case this didn't work, and you're used to wpa_supplicant from Linux or other BSDs, where the device used to correctly connecting to the network of interest with that same configuration, then probably it is something driver-related or due to a /boot/loader.conf issue, or even routing/netif services. Sometimes restarting routing and netif 2-3 times in that order does the trick (if signal is loose, it's not uncommon, at least in my experience, to see "status no carrier" at the first 1-2 attempts, and "status associated" at the following try)