That's interesting. Someone who can write new scheduler for FreeBSD, don't know how to apply patch...
Even more, I wonder how did you made that patch (you didn't test it?).
Well back to topic: check out from which directory the patch was made, and cd to it, then simply # patch < /path/to/mysterious/FreeBSD/new/scheduler.diff
The patch is probably against the /usr/src directory.
After that you need to rebuild kernel, reboot and cross fingers.