No, in most cases you can not.
What happens with USB is that that there are USB "computers" and USB "peripherals", I think officially they're called "host" and "device"; the nomenclature "master" and "slave" is today considered offensive, but is still found in the literature. A peripheral may be a memory stick (disk), or a keyboard, or a USB -> serial adapter. The whole USB protocol is built around being terribly one-sided, connecting one or more peripherals to a computer. Remember, in the early days of USB, there were even different connectors: the longer and flatter A connector and computers, and the more square B connector (which today you can only find on old-fashioned USB printers). Today many cables are still asymmetric (there is mini-A and mini-B and micro-A and micro-B), but most devices have dual connectors that can take both cables. Only with USB-C has the cable become symmetric.
Highly correlated with this asymmetry is power delivery: The computer sends power to the peripheral; that's so things like USB mice and keyboards and hubs work.
But fear not, today there is something that fixes this. It's called USB on-the-go, also known as OTG. It allows a "computer" device to pretend to be a "perhipheral". Cell phones use it all the time: most of the time, they pretend to be a peripheral, getting power (usually from a wall adapter). But if you plug a USB stick (disk) into a cell phone, it switches roles and starts being the computer. And conversely, if you plug the cell phone into a computer it may pretend to be a mass storage device (disk) itself, so you can browse the pictures stored on the cell phone as if it were a camera.
Now the question is: Are normal computers (with normal BIOSes) capable of performing OTG, and can they pretend to be a serial port (really a serial-to-USB adapter) and use that serial port as the console? No, most are not.
There is a rare exception I know of: The Raspberry Pi 0 is capable of being booted into being either a Ethernet or serial converter. This can be used to download code onto it or debug it. I think it's called "gadget mode" in Raspberry Pi land.
I know of no other common computer that can turn its USB ports into devices. And I don't know whether the Pi zero is capable of doing "gadget mode" when running FreeBSD (it involves some magic interaction between the BIOS and Linux drivers).
