Sorry, but your statement is so abbreviated to be simply wrong. While it is true that enterprise-grade software (on mainframes, on large Unix machines, and on supercomputing clusters) is licensed: meaning "sold", although the actual cost of the license may be difficult to characterize, and may be indistinguishable from zero. There is no an annual rental cost, in particular not for basic utilities in an OS distribution: RedHat doesn't charge extra for "cp", and IBM doesn't charge extra for "IEHMOVE". Charging extra for IEFBR14 would be ridiculous, since any user can generate that program in 30 seconds (the source code is on the web, it's two lines in assembly). There is often an annual (or monthly/quarterly/5-year/...) support fee though. For the details, you need to talk to your friendly Sun/IBM/HP sales person.Actually people don't buy operating systems from IBM to run on their mainframe, they lease them, and even programs like IEFBR14 have an annual rental cost.
Interesting. I bet there is still lots of ATM hardware out there (at least within the phone companies), so it makes sense that FreeBSD continues to have software for it.ralphbsz, ATM is Asynchronous Transfer Mode
Not familiar with ATM.Hello
I searched about this and some results were: ATM, IPFILTER,
NIS and SENDMAIL.
I would love your share of knowledge on this
ypldapd
(modeled after commercial UNIXes like HP) is available in the base.I sympathize with them, but nothing prevents them from installing it on FreeBSD without it in the base. I guess putting it in base gives them more name recognition, in return for what they provide.IPFilter was scheduled to be removed from the base but vetoed by Juniper networks one of the largest consumers of FreeBSD (JunoOS is customized 4.xxx IIRC)
I have been configuring sendmail for about 20 years now, I think I started in the mid- to late-90s. It is a massive pain. It has been getting more painful with TLS/SSL. But it is still doable (if you are willing to invest a few quiet days into it). I quit using sendmail about 4 or 5 years ago though; for my home server, there simply wasn't a need any more, since nobody sends mail while logged into the server (everybody in the household now uses a laptop with a local e-mail client), and a super-simple MTA that just shoves all mail off-host is sufficient now.There is no reason to have Sendmail in the base. I keep reading over the past 7 years, how it's insecure, and difficult to configure. That's like having a 1970's untuned rusty clunker on the road. I may get criticism for this, but It may be even better to have nothing in the base for mail than that.
Sorry, but your statement is so abbreviated to be simply wrong. While it is true that enterprise-grade software (on mainframes, on large Unix machines, and on supercomputing clusters) is licensed: meaning "sold", although the actual cost of the license may be difficult to characterize, and may be indistinguishable from zero. There is no an annual rental cost, in particular not for basic utilities in an OS distribution: RedHat doesn't charge extra for "cp", and IBM doesn't charge extra for "IEHMOVE". Charging extra for IEFBR14 would be ridiculous, since any user can generate that program in 30 seconds (the source code is on the web, it's two lines in assembly). There is often an annual (or monthly/quarterly/5-year/...) support fee though. For the details, you need to talk to your friendly Sun/IBM/HP sales person.
How about pretty much everything else in FreeBSD? The FreeBSD code is a direct descendant of the original AT&T UNIX code[*]. As such a lot of tools we still use today originated there. Commands like ifconfig(8) for example predate FreeBSD by about 10 years. Heck, even the whole TCP/IP stack predates FreeBSD.I searched about this and some results were: ATM, IPFILTER,NIS and SENDMAIL.
HISTORY
The ifconfig utility appeared in 4.2BSD.
A lot of userland tools also originated there, not just the kernel. Nice example is sed(1):That brings up an interesting question: What is the oldest code that is still in shipping FreeBSD (say in the base) today? My hunch would be that's in the kernel, and is from the early days of the Berkeley CSRG, which would date it at about 1977 or shortly after, roughly 40 years old.
HISTORY
A sed command, written by L. E. McMahon, appeared in Version 7 AT&T UNIX.
Sendmail is worth protecting then. However, there has to be a better way for them to secure that investment in FreeBSD, involving having it in ports. Aside from the security risks I hear about, it's not a big deal. I compile my base system anyway, and without it.So the reason to keep sendmail is to protect the large investment people have into special configurations, and the accumulated knowledge of how to configure it. I agree that for 99% of all users, simpler MTAs are a much better solution.
HISTORY
The roff text processing system has a very long history, dating back to
the 1960s. The roff system itself is intimately connected to the Unix
operating system, but its roots go back to the earlier operating sys‐
tems CTSS and Multics.
git blame
to find out when some lines of code have been introduced. And that's the problem with using "git blame": The checkin history of whatever source code control system was used 40 years ago has probably not been transferred into git. Looking at github will probably not tell me when Eric Schmidt (!) fixed which bug in lex, nor how A, W and K partitioned the work on awk.
HP-UX actually does this, at least something very similar. For example in its lowest operating environment (OE) - basic OE (BOE) - HP-UX doesn't allow lvols in LVM to have mirror copies. For that one has to buy higher OE that includes the product MirrorDisk/UX which allows you to do so.RedHat doesn't charge extra for "cp", and IBM doesn't charge extra for "IEHMOVE".
since I was inside HP and had ways to get around all licensing roadblocks, having the kernel source on my machine made certain things easier